A comparative study of impression methods using stock tray and intraoral scanner in a completely edentulous / 대한치과보철학회지

In complete denture fabrication, accurate preliminary impressions are crucial for obtaining an accurate final impression. However, it can be challenging in cases of atypical arch shapes. This case report compares diagnostic casts made with a stock tray and an intraoral scanner (IOS) in a patient with an atypical arch shape.A 58-year-old edentulous male patient with long, narrow, atypical arches was referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department for complete denture fabrication. Compared to the diagnostic cast obtained using IOS with adequately captured anatomical parameters, the primary model obtained using a stock tray showed prominent overextended flanges on the labial and buccal sides of the maxillary arch and less prominent overextended flanges in the mandibular arch with pressure spots in the posterior palatal seal area. The custom tray fabricated from such a model required additional adjustment resulting in increased chair time during the final impression procedure.

Peripheral Neuron-Organoid Interaction Induces Colonic Epithelial Differentiation via Non-Synaptic Substance P Secretion

Background and Objectives@#The colonic epithelial layer is a complex structure consisting of multiple cell types that regulate various aspects of colonic physiology, yet the mechanisms underlying epithelial cell differentiation during development remain unclear. Organoids have emerged as a promising model for investigating organogenesis, but achieving organ-like cell configurations within colonic organoids is challenging. Here, we investigated the biological significance of peripheral neurons in the formation of colonic organoids. @*Methods@#and Results: Colonic organoids were co-cultured with human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived peripheralneurons, resulting in the morphological maturation of columnar epithelial cells, as well as the presence of enterochromaffin cells. Substance P released from immature peripheral neurons played a critical role in the development of colonic epithelial cells. These findings highlight the vital role of inter-organ interactions in organoid development and provide insights into colonic epithelial cell differentiation mechanisms. @*Conclusions@#Our results suggest that the peripheral nervous system may have a significant role in the development ofcolonic epithelial cells, which could have important implications for future studies of organogenesis and disease modeling.

Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes(Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase, and Glutathione Peroxidase) in Human Bladder Cancer / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Intrinsic antioxidant enzymes(AOE) are essential for protection against potential cellular damage by reactive oxygen species(ROS), which affect many biological processes including carcinogenesis. The aim of the present study was to characterize the expression of antioxidant enzymes in human bladder cancer tissue and to evaluate the relationship with histopathological characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical stainingfor catalase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from 75 bladder cancersand 30 normal bladders. The degree of AOE expression was compared with cancer invasiveness or the cell grade. RESULTS: The expression of catalase and SOD were significantly lower in cancer tissue than in normal bladder tissue(44% vs 73.3%, p=0.012; 49.3% vs 80%, p=0.007, respectively) but GPx expression was not significantly different(45.3% vs 63.3%, p=0.146). Catalase and SOD expression were significantly lower in invasive transitional cell carcinomas than in superficial transitional cell carcinomas(32.4% vs 53.7%, p=0.034; 32.4% vs 63.4%, p=0.014, respectively), but again GPx expression was not significantly different(38.2% vs 51.2%, p=0.26). Moreover, no significant difference was observed between the expression of all three enzymes and the cancer cell grade. CONCLUSIONS: Down-regulation of the antioxidant enzyme system, as indicated by the expression of catalase and SOD, appears to be related with carcinogenesis and progression in bladder cancer.

Effect of Estradiol-induced E2IG5 on Breast Cancer Cell Line

PURPOSE: Estrogens control the development and cell proliferation of various tissues including the normal mammary epithelial cells, where they induce the expression of the immediate and delayed hormone-responsive genes. The proliferative effects of estrogen have been attributed to its ability to increase the expression of the key cell cycle regulatory genes responsible for cell cycle progression. However, the regulation of cell proliferation is only one aspect of estrogen function. It has also been well documented that estrogen plays a critical role in the etiology and progression of human breast and gynecological cancers. This tumorigenic effect of estrogen might be associated with its anti- apoptotic activities such as of Bcl-2 induction. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of E2IG5, which is an estrogen-induced downstream effector molecule, in breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS: This study shows that E2IG5 is a pro-apoptotic protein that is localized to the mitochondrial membrane via two distinct transmembrane domains. When over-expressed, it induces a mitochondrial permeability transition with the resultant of release cytochrome c and caspase activation. However, three out of four breast cancer cell lines lost their estrogen dependence of E2IG5 expression, which suggests the possible involvement of E2IG5 in the development of breast cancer. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that breast cancer cells may loose their pro-apoptotic signals and selectively use the proliferative mechanism of estrogen, which drives the normal mammary epithelial cells to transform into cancer cells. Further studies using breast cancer tissues will be needed.

Roles of cFLIPL in Fas-mediated Apoptosis of Colon Cancer

PURPOSE: Substantial numbers of the colon cancer cells have been observed to express Fas/Fas ligands, but are resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that colon tumors might develop the specific mechanisms to overcome Fas-mediated apoptosis. Recently, cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) has been identified as an endogenous inhibitor of Fas- or other receptor-mediated apoptosis and its altered high expression has been suspected to be associated with tumor development or progression. This study investigated the prevalence of cFLIPL alterations in colon carcinomas and possible implications in the progression of colon cancers. METHODS: In order to investigate the function of cFLIPL for the development and progression of the colon cancer, we analyzed the expression of the cFLIPL in 58 colon cancer and 6 colon cancer cell lines. RESULTS: The study results demonstrated that cFLIPL is one of the major determinants for sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines. In addition, we analyzed cFLIPL expression in 58 cases of adenocarcinoma of the colon and showed that cFLIPL, expression was increased in adenocarcinoma as compared to matched normal mucosa. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our data strongly suggested that abnormal overexpression of cFLIPL is a frequent event in colon carcinomas and might contribute to in vivo tumor transformation.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Tumor of the Pancreas: A Case Report / 대한세포병리학회지

Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas is characterized by intraductal papillary proliferation of mucin-producing epithelial cells with or without excessive mucin secretion. According to the degree of epithelial dysplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous tumor is classified into adenoma, borderline tumor, and carcinoma. We recently experienced a case of fine needle aspiration cytology of the intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma in a 69-year-old male. The fine needle aspiration cytology yielded flat sheets of columnar, mucin containing epithelial cells in the background of dense mucin containing degenerated cellular material and histiocytes.

Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and Micronodular Pneumocyte Hyperplasia associated with Tuberous Sclerosis: A Case Report

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is characterized by a hamartomatous proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the lung, mediastium, and abdomen. In the lung, an abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle is seen along the airways, blood vessels, and lymphatics, resulting in honeycombing of the lung. It occurs in 0.1-1% of tuberous sclerosis (TSC) patients. Micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MNPH) is a rare but distinctive pulmonary manifestation of TSC, and appears to be a hamartomatous proliferation of the type II pneumocytes. We report a case of pulmonary LAM and MNPH associated with TSC and bilateral renal angiomyolipoma in a 26-year-old woman. Immunohistochemically, the spindle cells of LAM were positive for HMB-45, but the type II pneumocytes of MNPH were negative.

Tardive Dyskinesia and CAG Repeat Expansions / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: Much interest has recently been focused on the possibility of the involvement of unstable DNA in the etiology of schizophrenia following several publications that reported increases in frequency of large CAG repeats in affected individuals. Tardive dyskinesia(TD), an involuntary movement disorder following pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia, shares a great deal of common clinical and biological features with Huntington's disease, a representative movement disorder with CAG repeat expansions. The authors studied for a possible CAG repeat expansions in patients with schizophrenia and TD. METHODS: TD was diagnosed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Using repeat expansion detection(RED), a method in which a thermostable ligase is used to detect repeat expansions directly from genomic DNA, subjects with schizophrenia with/without TD(n=79/n=75) and normal controls (n=72) were studied for the presence of the CAG repeat expansions were analyzed. RESULTS: No significant size differences were detected in the(CTG)17 ligation products between schizophrenic cases and controls using RED(X(2)=2.907, df=2, p=0.234). CONCLUSIONS: This finding does not support the hypothesis that CAG repeat expansions contributes to the susceptibility for schizophrenia and TD.

Relationship between manual cephalo-anthropometric analysis and degree of snoring in Korean adult / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This purpose of this research is to study the prevalence of habitual snoring and the association between snoring and cephalo-anthropometric analysis in Korean population. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Four thousand and two hundred twenty four subjects (male: 2277, female: 1947), aged between 18~85 (mean age male: 45.3, female: 44.0), were recruited through home visits and interviewed by well-trained investigators. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty two male subjects (15.5%) and one hundred sixty two female subjects (8.32%) exhibited habitual snoring. Age, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in the snoring group compared to those who dont snore habitually. Using a stepwise variable selection method of multiple logistic regression analysis, we found independent factors as being significant for males and females of the snoring groups. For males, the factors were BMI (p<0.001, OR=1.18 CI: 1.12~1.25), mandibular angle (p<0.001, OR=0.97 CI: 0.96~0.98), and abdominal girth (p<0.001, OR=1.04, CI: 1.02~1.06. For females, they were abdominal girth (p=0.031, OR=1.03, CI: 1.00~1.05), neck girth (p=0.003, OR=1.12, CI: 1.04~1.21), age (p=0.0002, OR=1.02 CI: 1.01~10.3), and BMI (p=0.0007, OR=1.11 CI: 1.05~1.18). CONCLUSION: We found that BMI, gonion angle and abdomen girth in male and abdominal girth, neck girth, age, BMI in female were the significant factors affecting the severity of snoring in Korean population.

Pancreatic Islet Cell Autotransplantation in the Canine Model / 대한이식학회지

INTRODUCTION: Islet cell transplantation is an attractive alternative to whole organ pancreas transplantation, because it is clearly the safer and simpler surgical procedure for recipients. PURPOSE: The authors intended to examine the functional outcome of islet autografting and the factors related to islet graft survival in mongrel dogs. METHODS: Eighteen adult mongrel dogs were used for the study of total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation. The harvested total pancreas was preserved in iced Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS). The islets were properly isolated by a modified Recordi method. RESULTS: The median volume of the transplanted pancreatic islet tissue was 2.1 mL (range 0.7 to 5.0) and purity was 63% (range 10 to 95). Twelve dogs from the experimental group having undergone successful autografting of islets were followed for a minimum of 6 weeks. Three of the 12 dogs maintained insulin secretory function for 6 weeks and the other 7 dogs showed normal Kg values for 6 months following islet transplantation. In the remaining 2 cases, islet graft function was sustained for 1 year. The median required insulin dosage for maintenance of normal FPG was 0.7 U/kg per day (range 0 to 1.6). The insulin requirement correlated well with the IEq/ kg level (r=.90, P6,000 IEq/kg had a better chance of being insulin-independent. CONCLUSION: In this study, we confirmed that autotransplantation of islet cells on pancreatectomized dogs can render nearly normoglycemia, and islet transplantation dogs can be used as a model for the assessment of insulin secretory function.

Finger-Tip Unit in Korean Adults and It's Clinical Application According to Anatomical Sites / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Dermatologic patients need advice on how much ointment or cream to apply, in particular topical corticosteroids. The instructions given to patients concerning topical therapy are frequently vague. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are to make simple guidelines on the topical application of ointments or creams for patients, parents, doctors and nurses, and to check the accuracy of these guidelines in practice. METHODS: The average height and weight according to the different age groups and sex were measured from Korean standard growth and developement chart. From this chart, their total body surface areas(BSA) were calculated using a standard nomogram. The length of the tips of their index fingers was measured; measuring from the distal skin-crease to the end of the finger. One finger-tip unit(FTU) was defined as the amount of ointment expressed from a tube nozzle with a 5 mm in diameter, covering from the distal skin-crease to the tip of the palmar aspect of the index finger. The average area of abdominal skin covered by one finger-tip unit, and that of one palm were measured by computer scanner(Hurapack scanner, 4C) and image analyzed program(Image Pro. Plus(R) V. 3.0, Micromedical). Each patient then placed his or her right hand lightly, palm side down with the fingers and thumb closed, onto Hurapack scanner 4C. A tracing of the outer edge of the hand was made from the ulnar to radial styloid by photoshop program. The outlined area and enclosed area were measured by an image analyzer. RESULTS: 1. The average length of each finger-tip was 2.48+/-0.2cm in males and 2.24+/-0.13cm in females. 2. The average weight of one FTU was 0.46+/-0.03g in males and 0.40+/-0.02g in females. 3. The average area of palm was 145+/-12.4cm2 in males and 115.9+/-10.1cm2 in females. 4. The average area of abdominal skin covered by one FTU was 278+/-34.4cm2; The average area was 303+/-24.3cm2 in males and 253+/-21.9cm2 in females. 5. The number of FTU of adult male required to treat various anatomical sites was : face and neck, 2.6; trunk and buttock, 10.5; arm and hand, 5; leg and foot, 10. The number of FTU of adult female was : face and neck, 2.8; trunk and buttock, 11; arm and hand, 5.5; leg and foot 11. 6. The number of FTU of children required to treat each anatomical site was variable because of differential growth according to different age. CONCLUSION: The concept of FTU provides convenient means of rapidly assessing the approximate amount of ointment or cream required for the treatment of patients.

Islet cell hyperplasia of the pancreas presenting as hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in an adult

A 72-year-old man who had suffered several episodes of syncope was diagnosed as having hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Although imaging studies and percutaneous transhepatic portal venous sampling did not reveal the existence of any tumors in the pancreas, distal pancreatectomy was performed because the possibility of a small pancreatic endocrine tumor could not be completely rejected. External examination of the surgically removed pancreas did not reveal any tumors. Microscopically, the pancreas exhibited diffuse islet cell hyperplasia without nesidioblastosis. The patient remains euglycemic and has tolerated 24-hour fasting without any medication for a period of 10 months after the operation.

Expression of Glucose Transporter Gene in Colorectal Cancer

PURPOSE: The primary metabolic characteristic of malignant cells is an increased uptake of glucose and its anaerobic glycolysis. Recent studies have demonstrated that facilitative glucose transport across the plasma membrane is mediated by a family of proteins, i.e., glucose transporters. PURPOSE: In order to evaluate the clinicopathologic correlations of glucose transporter genes expressed in colorectal cancer, the author studied the expression of glucose transporter genes in human colorectal cancer and analyzed their expression in normal and malignant colorectal tissues. METHODS: A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to quantitatively determine the levels of the glucose transporter genes, GLUT1 and GLUT3, from Crohnes diseases (N=2), adenomatous polyps (N=4), and colorectal cancers (N=40) and their normal counterparts. RESULTS: The expresssion of the GLUT1 gene was detected in 50% of the inflammatory colonic mucosae and adenomatous polyp tissues, but the levels of expression were not significantly different from their normal counterparts. Among the 40 colorectal cancer patients, 23 patients (57.5%) showed GLUT1 gene expression and the levels of expression were increaed by 1.8 as compared to their normal counterparts (p<0.05). The expression of the GLUT3 gene was detected in almost all tissues examined, and the levels of expression were not significantly different from their normal counterparts. In colorectal cancers, there was correlation between GLUT1 expression, the extent of lymph node involvement and the stage of colorectal cancers (p<0.05). But, the correlation between the expressions of the GLUT3 gene and the clinicopathologic prognostic factors of colorectal cancers could not be determined because almost all tissues showed a GLUT3 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the GLUT1 glucose transporter expression in colorectal cancer was associated with high possibilities of lymph node metastases and poorer prognosis, and the assessment of GLUT1 expression in colorectal cancer would be useful in identifying high risk patients.

A Case of Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis / 대한피부과학회지

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis(EPF) is characterized by recurrent crops of pruritic follicular papules and pustules that occur mainly on the face, trunk, and extremities. Histologically, the major distinguishing feature is abundant eosinophils that invade sebaceous glands and outer root sheaths of hair follicles. We herein report a typical case of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis for promoting research of this rare disease.

Two Cases of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome / 대한피부과학회지

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome(SSSS) is the term used for a collection of blistering skin disease induced by the exfoliative toxin of Staphylococcus aureus. It primarily affects neonates and young children, but cases have been reported rarely in adults. We report typical cases of generalized SSSS in two male children. They had generalized tender erythroderma and flaccid bulla with leaving a moist erythematous base resembling a scald and focal peeling of the skin, particularly on the face, neck, axilla, trunk and buttock. Methicilline sensitive staphylococcus aureus was cultured from throat in one patient and from local wound of nares in the other patient. Nikolsky's sign was present. Histopathologic finding revealed an epidermal splitting at the granular layer.

Expression of RANTES mRNA in Early Recurrent Nasal Polyps / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: RANTES is a powerful chemotactic and activating factor to some inflammatory cells including eosinophils, which represent the most abundant cell type among the numerous cellular infiltrates of nasal polyps. RANTES may have an important role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells during the development of nasal polyps. The purpose of this study is to investigate RANTES mRNA expression in nasal polyps, ethmoiditis mucosa and in the early recurrent nasal polyps in order to identify its role as a chemoattractant in recurrent nasal polyps. MATERIALS: Tissue samples of nasal polyps, ethmoiditis mucosa, and early recurrent nasal polyps were obtained from an endoscopic sinus surgery. For these samples, light microscopic examination for histopathology and RT-PCRs for RANTES mRNA expression were performed. Three normal ethmoidal mucosa and four hypertrophied inferior turbinates were also evaluated. RESULTS: Tissue infiltration of eosinophils observed under the light microscope was in the following order: early recurrent nasal polyps (91%), nasal polyps (60%), and ethmoiditis mucosa (40%). About 97% of early recurrent nasal polyps showed RANTES mRNA expression, but nasal polyps and ethmoiditis mucosa showed 60% and 56% of expression rates. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that RANTES may play an important role in the development of early recurrent nasal polyps undergoing active inflammatory reactions and the recruitment of some inflammatory cells including eosinophils. Further investigations for other chemokines related to eosinophils will provide better understanding of the mechanism in the formation of nasal polyps.

A case with intrahepatic double cancer: hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma associated with multiple von Meyenburg complexes

Combined hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is sometimes found in resected livers, however, cases with double cancer of HCC and CC are very rare. As well, the rarity of CC arising in von Meyenburg complexes (VMCs) is appreciated. We report the case of a 74-year-old man found to have intrahepatic double cancer composed of well-differentiated HCC and CC which exhibited a histologic progression from VMCs to adenomatous lesions and CC. To our knowledge, this is the first case report published in the literature of a double HCC and CC associated with multiple VMCs. The pathogenesis and previous associated reports of these lesions are discussed.

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the prostate

An unusual adenosquamous carcinoma originating in the prostate of a 73-year-old man is described. The histological finding showed a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma admixed in an adenocarcinomatous area. A transitional area of 2 carcinomatous elements was also noted. Seven months prior to the development of this lesion, a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma had been established by transurethral resection of the prostate and the patient had been treated with bilateral orchiectomy. This is the first case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the prostate reported in Korea. The pathogenesis and previous reports of this lesion will be discussed.

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Mesentery: A case report

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor or inflammatory pseudotumor is characterized by spindle cell proliferation with inflammatory cell infiltration, predominantly plasma cells and lymphocytes. We have experienced a case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the mesentery in a 57-year-old male patient with intermittent abdominal pain. On computer tomography, a well demarcated mass was seen in the mesenteric side of the ascending colon. Right hemicolectomy was performed under the impression of the metastatic tumor of lymph nodes. Grossly, a rather well-circumscribed gray white mass was noted in the mesentery of the ascending colon. Microscopically, the lesion consisted of plump spindle cells and accompanying inflammatory cellular infiltrates. The spindle cells were positive for vimentin.

TGF-beta1 inhibition of apoptosis through the transcriptional up-regulation of Bcl-X(L) in human monocytic leukemia U937 cells

To characterize the TGF-beta1 response of monocytic leukemia cells, we analyzed the effects of TGF-beta1 on cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of human monoblastic U937 cells. Treatment of cells with TGF-beta1 in the absence of growth factors significantly enhanced cell viability. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content and CD14 expression revealed that TGF-beta1 does not affect cell proliferation and differentiation. Consistent with these results was the finding that no transcriptional induction of Cdk inhibitors such as p21Waf1, p15Ink4b, and p27Kip1 was detected following TGF-beta1 treatment. Interestingly, however, pretreatment of TGF-beta1 significantly inhibited Fas-, DNA damage-, and growth factor deprivation-induced apoptosis. This antiapoptotic effect was totally abrogated by anti-TGF-beta1 antibody. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent transcriptional up-regulation of Bcl-X(L), suggesting its implication in the TGF-1-mediated antiapoptotic pathway. We also observed elevated expression of c-Fos and PTEN/MMAC1. But, no detectable change was recognized in expression of c-Jun, Fas, Fadd, Fap-1, Bcl-2, and Bax. Taken together, our study shows that TGF-beta1 enhancement of cellular viability is associated with its antiapoptotic effect, which may result from the transcriptional up-regulation of Bcl-X(L).